Male sterility and its typesplant breeding for any. Male sterility is a medical condition characterized by an inability to fertilize an ovum. Dec 22, 2015 cytoplasmic male sterility may be utilized for producing hybrid seed in certain ornamental species, or in species where a vegetative part is of economic value. Effects of male sterility on reproductive traits in. Later on, numerous of male sterility were reported in angiosperms. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. Apr 02, 2010 this type of male sterility will shoot you in the foot if you are trying to breed an open pollinated population since there will be no gene flow from the cms plants to any of the other plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility an introduction to genetic analysis. Significance of male sterility in plant breeding hybrid production requires. A dominant genetic male sterility trait obtained through transformation in rapeseed brassica napus was studied in the progenies of 11 transformed plants. Malesterility plants provide crucial breeding tools to harness hybrid vigor.
Male sterility and fertility restoration in crops annual. Download figure open in new tab download powerpoint. Cytoplasmic male sterility is not influenced by environmental. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell. Applications of genie male sterility in plant breeding rao. Experimental design and underlying mechanism of the male sterilityfertility restoration system in plants for hybrid seed production. Male sterility in plants is often cytoplasmically based and maternally inherited. In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with coupled nuclear genes. Classification of sterility can be divided into heritable and nonheritable sterility. Male sterility in tomato lycopersicon esculentum mill.
Iam very much impressed and interested by this presentation. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of. Malesterile taryono faculty of agriculture gadjah mada university several forms of pollination control malesterile flower phenotypes in carrot cytoplasmic male. Introduction male sterility refers to a condition in which nonfunctional pollen grains are produced in flowering plants. Male sterility article about male sterility by the free. Posted on april 2, 2010 april 2, 2010 by goingtoseed. Incompatibility and male sterility and their utilization. Team studies how selfish genes cause male sterility in flowering plants by kent state university yellow monkeyflowers mimulus guttatus at the base of cone peak in the oregon cascades. Preclampsiatoxemia prevents the placenta from getting enough blood. Ectopicwhen the zygote implants in the fallopian tube. Resotoration by crossing this gms system with plants expressing distantly relate invertase marc et al. A novel male sterilityfertility restoration system in. To determine whether male sterility generates a common average effect on a variety of. Plants heterozygous for male sterility genes produce 50% each of normal and aborted pollen in the case of sporogenous sterility.
Cmss exhibits fertility instability as a partial fertility restoration in a specific nuclear genetic background, which impedes its commercial application in hybrid breeding programs. Plant cms is mediated by nuclearmitochondrial interactions in which the sterility results from the expression of mitochondrial genes and can be restored by nuclear restoring fertility rf genes 24. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a common phenomenon in higher plants and is characterized by maternal inheritance, pollen sterility and normal pistil development. More than 300 species belonging to 20 families of angiosperms show self. Ppt transgenic male sterility powerpoint presentation. Feb 10, 2017 an overview of male sterility and its types. It occurs in many plant species and is often associated with chimeric mitochondrial open reading frames. Expression of engineered nuclear male sterility in. Learn about the ttest, the chi square test, the p value and more duration. The phenomenon of cytoplasmic male sterility cms is found worldwide in nearly 200 species bentolila et al.
Features of male sterility male sterility is an important outbreeding device which prevents autogamy self pollination and permits allogamy cross pollination. Biology professor studies how male sterility in flowering plants is caused by selfish genes. Male sterility genes in plants have been predicted to cause genetic conflict between maternally inherited mitochondrial genes that are not transmitted by males, and nuclear genes that are inherited from both males and females. Transgenic reversible male sterility in plants by expression of cytokinin oxidase huang et al.
Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid crop seed production. Two ribonuclease genes, rnase t1 and barnase, were used. Despite wide application to crop breeding and heterosis, the mechanisms controlling sterility and fertility are. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited condition in which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen. Male sterile plants were also found in two selfpollenated populations derived from. The inability of a plant with functional pollen to set seeds when self pollinated is called self incompatibility. The basic contribution of gms is that it provides a means of genetic emasculation which can be. Such cytoplasmic for its mode of inheritance male sterility, or cms, is a very widespread trait in higher plants. Male sterility can arise in plants due to following reasons. Mar 25, 2020 male sterility is a medical condition characterized by an inability to fertilize an ovum.
A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Male sterile plants produce no functional pollen, but do produce viable eggs. Transgenic reversible male sterility in plants by expression of cytokinin oxidase huang et. Male sterility and fertility restoration in crops male sterility and fertility restoration in crops chen, letian. There are a number of reasons for men to be infertile, and several treatment approaches can be used to address sterility in men. In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with coupled. Eric had been thinking about using green goliath broccoli in a breeding project but heard that high mowing seeds has been having a hard time producing green goliath seed and. In the plant kingdom, most flowers are bisexual, a feature that greatly contributes to plant evolution via crossing. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice. Mechanisms of genic male sterility abstract for normal sexual reproductive development, coordination must occur between both male and female organ ontogeny. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms in plants is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen. Biology professor studies how male sterility in flowering. Maize genic malesterility genes and their applications in hybrid.
Furthermore, evidence for female advantage is equivocal for some characters, such as seed production and seed size see appendix. A novel male sterilityfertility restoration system in plants. These difficulties have led to mst induction using certain chemicals tables 4. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and. Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. Cytoplasmic male sterility is used in agriculture to facilitate the production of hybrid seed. Nuclear male sterility is common in flowering plants, but its application in hybrid breeding and seed production is limited because of the inability to propagate a pure male sterile line for commercial hybrid seed production. Male sterility definition of male sterility by medical.
Oct 11, 2016 team studies how selfish genes cause male sterility in flowering plants by kent state university yellow monkeyflowers mimulus guttatus at the base of cone peak in the oregon cascades. Team studies how selfish genes cause male sterility in. Identification of genes potentially associated with the. Cms and gms facilitate hybrid seed production for many crops and thus allow breeders to harness yield gains associated with hybrid vigor heterosis. Ppt malesterile powerpoint presentation free to download. These chemicals are known as male gametocides or chemical hybridizing agents and the selective abolition of male sex is termed chemical male sterility chmst. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what is. Two different male sterility systems are available for hybrid seed production.
In many instances, male sterility can be recovered by nuclearencoded restorer of fertility rf. Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. In some crop plants male sterile mutants occur in which inheritance of male sterility follows one of the following two patterns. Sterility is the physiological inability to effect sexual reproduction in a living thing, members of whose kind have been produced sexually. This is a cms plant for which exist genes that can be introduced from another plant which will restore male sterility. Generally, an ebook can be downloaded in five minutes or less. An abnormality at any point in this process may lead to sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility may be utilized for producing hybrid seed in certain ornamental species, or in species where a vegetative part is of economic value. The failure of pollen formation results in male sterile plants. Without nacppt treatment, arge plants are completely male fertile and are used to. Apr 29, 2014 male sterility and fertility restoration in crops male sterility and fertility restoration in crops chen, letian. The first is a cytoplasmic male sterility cms which is a threeline system that uses a male.
Among the topics are assessing and detecting gene flow, monitoring bt resistance in european corn borers and western corn rootworms, male sterility and hybrid plant systems for gene confinement, seedbased containment strategies, and tapping rna silencing for transgene containment through the engineering of sterility in plants. Incompatibility and male sterility and their utilization in crop improvement selfincompatibility selfincompatibility and sterility are the two mechanisms, which encourage crosspollination. Male sterility in plants genetics biology discussion. The most important qualitative genes in the edible alliums are those that cause male sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect topics. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect. Further discovery of two line male sterility made hybrid breeding more efficient and further increased the probability in finding the best performing hybrid combinations. Male sterility and fertility restoration in crops, annual.
In onion, male sterility was first exploited by jones and clarke 1943 using a male sterile specimen of cultivar italian red, which they found in breeding plots at davis, california, in 1925. The fertility instability phenomenon of cmss is controlled by several minor quantitative trait locus. Jan, 2018 this is the video of male sterility fully explained with types and other important points. In around 40% of couples struggling with infertility, male sterility is the issue. The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and. Rice hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile lines or. In perennial species the individual plants may take many. The genes we have identified as being involved in male sterility are ones that are ubiquitous in flowering plants, so the genetic mechanism we are studying might also be ubiquitous, case says. This post is an to answer eric webers recent question about male sterility in seeds. In a number of cases, transcripts originating from these altered open reading frames are translated into unique proteins that appear to interfere with mitochondrial. These chemicals are known as malegametocides or chemical hybridizing agents and the selective abolition of male sex is termed chemical male sterility chmst. Male sterility in cotton male sterility in cotton 1.
Male sterility in plants implies an inability to produce or to release functional pollen, and is the result of failure of formation or development of functional stamens, microspores or gametes. Identification of closely linked genes for anthocyanin plant colour and male sterility in sunflower and the breeding of. In flowering plants, the first case of male sterility was reported by koelreuter in 1763. Male sterility in plants going to seed with dan brisebois. Pdf applications of genie male sterility in plant breeding. Cms is generally caused by aberrant mitochondrial genes that are often chimeric in structure and frequently cotranscribed with conventional mitochondrial genes hanson and bentolila, 2004. Remove this presentation flag as inappropriate i dont like this i like this remember as a favorite.
Cytoplasmic male sterility an introduction to genetic. Hybrid seed is produced from a cross between two genetically different lines. Mitochondria and cytoplasmic male sterility in plants. Complications caesareansurgical incision through the abdomen. Applications of genie male sterility in plant breeding. Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. Dec 06, 2016 nuclear male sterility is common in flowering plants, but its application in hybrid breeding and seed production is limited because of the inability to propagate a pure male sterile line for commercial hybrid seed production. Stype cytoplasmic male sterility cmss is the largest group among the three major types of cms in maize. Male sterility in plants authorstream presentation.
Jun 15, 2015 experimental design and underlying mechanism of the male sterilityfertility restoration system in plants for hybrid seed production. Genetics and breeding system for cytoplasmic and genetic. Here, we characterized a rice nuclear gene essential for sporophytic male fertility and constructed a male sterility system that can propagate the pure male sterile seeds. Male sterility in vegetables is a neverending process due to rapid advancement in molecular techniques. Significance of male sterility in plant breeding male sterility a primary tool. The basic contribution of gms is that it provides a means of genetic emasculation which can be applied for the massive production of hybrids.
1394 926 503 360 855 114 1393 511 1085 696 1616 64 690 1126 308 1343 251 1448 721 1541 1048 1310 88 1311 944 1475 1667 1190 280 622 790 1020 768 994 589 505 745 1491